Computer User Support Specialists

The occupation code you requested, 15-1151.00 (Computer User Support Specialists), is no longer in use. In the future, please use 15-1232.00 (Computer User Support Specialists) instead.

Provide technical assistance to computer users. Answer questions or resolve computer problems for clients in person, via telephone, or electronically. May provide assistance concerning the use of computer hardware and software, including printing, installation, word processing, electronic mail, and operating systems.

Sample of reported job titles: Computer Support Specialist, Computer Tech (Computer Technician), Desktop Support Technician (Desktop Support Tech), Help Desk Analyst, Help Desk Tech (Help Desk Technician), IS Tech (Information Systems Technician), IT Specialist (Information Technology Specialist), IT Support Specialist (Information Technology Support Specialist), IT Tech (Information Technology Technician), Technical Support Specialist

Occupation-Specific Information

Tasks Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceCategoryTask
75
 
Core
Oversee the daily performance of computer systems.
74
 
Core
Set up equipment for employee use, performing or ensuring proper installation of cables, operating systems, or appropriate software.
74
 
Core
Read technical manuals, confer with users, or conduct computer diagnostics to investigate and resolve problems or to provide technical assistance and support.
70
 
Core
Answer user inquiries regarding computer software or hardware operation to resolve problems.
69
 
Core
Install and perform minor repairs to hardware, software, or peripheral equipment, following design or installation specifications.
68
 
Core
Confer with staff, users, and management to establish requirements for new systems or modifications.
64
 
Core
Enter commands and observe system functioning to verify correct operations and detect errors.
62
 
Core
Maintain records of daily data communication transactions, problems and remedial actions taken, or installation activities.
60
 
Core
Refer major hardware or software problems or defective products to vendors or technicians for service.
60
 
Core
Prepare evaluations of software or hardware, and recommend improvements or upgrades.
58
 
Core
Develop training materials and procedures, or train users in the proper use of hardware or software.
55
 
Core
Inspect equipment and read order sheets to prepare for delivery to users.
51
 
Core
Read trade magazines and technical manuals, or attend conferences and seminars to maintain knowledge of hardware and software.
54
 
Supplemental
Conduct office automation feasibility studies, including workflow analysis, space design, or cost comparison analysis.
48
 
Supplemental
Hire, supervise, and direct workers engaged in special project work, problem-solving, monitoring, and installation of data communication equipment and software.
47
 
Supplemental
Modify and customize commercial programs for internal needs.

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Technology Skills Save Table: XLSX CSV

  • Access software — Citrix cloud computing software; Mac HelpMate
  • Accounting software — Fund accounting software; Sage 50 Accounting; Tax software
  • Administration software — Element management software
  • Analytical or scientific software — SAS Hot technology ; StataCorp Stata; The MathWorks MATLAB Hot technology
  • Application server software — Docker Hot technology ; GitHub Hot technology ; Oracle WebLogic Server; Spring Boot Hot technology ; 1 more
  • Authentication server software — Password management software
  • Backup or archival software — Disaster recovery software; Microsoft Volume Shadow Copy Service; Symantec LiveState; Veritas NetBackup
  • Business intelligence and data analysis software — IBM Cognos Impromptu; Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition; Qlik Tech QlikView; Tableau Hot technology ; 1 more
  • Calendar and scheduling software
  • Cloud-based data access and sharing software — Dropbox; Google Drive; Microsoft SharePoint Hot technology ; Slack Hot technology
  • Cloud-based management software — IBM WebSphere; Splunk Enterprise Hot technology
  • Cloud-based protection or security software — SolarWinds
  • Clustering software — VMware
  • Communications server software — IBM Domino
  • Computer aided design CAD software — Autodesk AutoCAD Hot technology ; Autodesk Revit Hot technology ; Bentley MicroStation Hot technology ; Dassault Systemes SolidWorks Hot technology ; 1 more
  • Computer based training software — Moodle; Schoology
  • Configuration management software — Chef Hot technology ; Patch management software; Perforce Helix software; Puppet Hot technology ; 2 more
  • Content workflow software — Atlassian JIRA Hot technology
  • Customer relationship management CRM software — Salesforce software Hot technology
  • Data base management system software — Apache Hive Hot technology ; Elasticsearch Hot technology ; MongoDB Hot technology ; Oracle PL/SQL Hot technology ; 7 more
  • Data base reporting software — Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services SSRS Hot technology ; SAP Crystal Reports
  • Data base user interface and query software — Blackboard software; MySQL Hot technology ; ServiceNow In-Demand Hot technology ; Transact-SQL Hot technology ; 14 more
  • Desktop communications software — ParentSquare; Remote control software; Skype; Stac Software ReachOut; 2 more
  • Desktop publishing software — Adobe Distiller; Adobe InDesign Hot technology ; Microsoft Publisher
  • Development environment software — Apache Kafka Hot technology ; Apache Maven Hot technology ; Microsoft .NET Framework Hot technology ; Microsoft PowerShell Hot technology ; 13 more
  • Document management software — Adobe Acrobat Hot technology
  • Electronic mail software — IBM Notes; Microsoft Exchange; Microsoft Outlook In-Demand Hot technology
  • Enterprise application integration software — Atlassian Bamboo Hot technology ; Extensible markup language XML Hot technology ; IBM InfoSphere DataStage; Microsoft SQL Server Integration Services SSIS Hot technology ; 1 more
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP software — Microsoft Dynamics Hot technology ; Oracle JD Edwards EnterpriseOne; Oracle PeopleSoft Hot technology ; SAP software Hot technology ; 5 more
  • Enterprise system management software — IBM Power Systems software
  • Expert system software — Ansible software Hot technology
  • File versioning software — Apache Subversion SVN Hot technology ; Git Hot technology
  • Filesystem software — Desktop partitioning software; Symantec Norton Utilities
  • Financial analysis software — Delphi Technology; Oracle E-Business Suite Financials
  • Geographic information system — ESRI ArcGIS software Hot technology ; Geographic information system GIS software
  • Graphical user interface development software — Salesforce Visualforce
  • Graphics or photo imaging software — Adobe Creative Cloud software Hot technology ; Adobe Illustrator Hot technology ; Adobe Photoshop Hot technology ; Trimble SketchUp Pro Hot technology ; 1 more
  • Helpdesk or call center software — Call center software; Help desk software
  • Human resources software — Human resource management software HRMS; Oracle Taleo
  • Industrial control software — Supervisory control and data acquisition SCADA software
  • Information retrieval or search software — Information systems integration software; LexisNexis
  • Instant messaging software — Blink
  • Internet browser software
  • Internet directory services software — Active directory software; Domain name system DNS; Microsoft Active Directory In-Demand Hot technology ; Network directory services software
  • Internet protocol IP multimedia subsystem software — Voice over internet protocol VoIP system software
  • License management software
  • Medical software — Epic Systems Hot technology ; MEDITECH software
  • Metadata management software — Quest Erwin Data Modeler
  • Multi-media educational software — Nearpod; Seesaw
  • Network conferencing software — LogMeIn GoToWebinar
  • Network monitoring software — Dartware InterMapper; Nagios; Wireshark
  • Network operation system software — Remote install server software
  • Network security or virtual private network VPN management software — Virtual private networking VPN software
  • Object or component oriented development software — C# Hot technology ; jQuery Hot technology ; Objective C Hot technology ; Swift Hot technology ; 7 more
  • Object oriented data base management software — Hibernate ORM Hot technology ; PostgreSQL Hot technology
  • Office suite software — Microsoft Office software In-Demand Hot technology
  • Operating system software — Apple iOS In-Demand Hot technology ; Google Android Hot technology ; Microsoft Windows Server Hot technology ; UNIX Shell Hot technology ; 16 more
  • Platform interconnectivity software — Migration software
  • Portal server software — Apache HTTP Server
  • Presentation software — Microsoft PowerPoint In-Demand Hot technology ; Poll Everywhere
  • Process mapping and design software — Microsoft Visio Hot technology
  • Program testing software — Defect tracking software; Hewlett Packard LoadRunner; JUnit Hot technology ; Personal computer diagnostic software
  • Project management software — Atlassian Confluence Hot technology ; Google Classroom; Microsoft Teams Hot technology ; Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management Hot technology ; 1 more
  • Requirements analysis and system architecture software — Unified modeling language UML
  • Sales and marketing software — Marketo Marketing Automation Hot technology
  • Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel In-Demand Hot technology
  • Storage networking software — Media storage management software
  • Transaction security and virus protection software — Encryption software; McAfee; NortonLifeLock cybersecurity software; Virus scanning software
  • Transaction server software — Customer information control system CICS
  • Video conferencing software — Cisco Webex Hot technology ; Google Meet; LogMeIn GoToMeeting; Zoom Hot technology
  • Video creation and editing software — Apple Final Cut Pro; Flipgrid; YouTube
  • Web page creation and editing software — Adobe Dreamweaver; Facebook Hot technology ; Google Sites
  • Web platform development software — Django Hot technology ; Google Angular Hot technology ; Microsoft ASP.NET Hot technology ; Spring Framework Hot technology ; 19 more
  • Word processing software — 3M Post-it App; Google Docs Hot technology ; Microsoft OneNote; Microsoft Word Hot technology
Hot technology
Hot Technologies are requirements most frequently included across all employer job postings.
In demand
In Demand skills are frequently included in employer job postings for this occupation.

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Tools Used Save Table: XLSX CSV

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Occupational Requirements

Work Activities Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceWork Activity
95
 
Working with Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
86
 
Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
84
 
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
83
 
Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
82
 
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
77
 
Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
73
 
Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
70
 
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
70
 
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
68
 
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
66
 
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
65
 
Communicating with People Outside the Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
65
 
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
64
 
Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
63
 
Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
62
 
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
61
 
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
60
 
Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
59
 
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
56
 
Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
56
 
Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
54
 
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
54
 
Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
50
 
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
50
 
Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
49
 
Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
49
 
Controlling Machines and Processes — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
47
 
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
44
 
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
43
 
Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
41
 
Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
38
 
Selling or Influencing Others — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
37
 
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
36
 
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
34
 
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
33
 
Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
33
 
Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
29
 
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
25
 
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
24
 
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
23
 
Staffing Organizational Units — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.

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Detailed Work Activities Save Table: XLSX CSV

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Work Context Save Table: XLSX CSV

  • Electronic Mail — How often do you use electronic mail in this job?
    • 100%
      100%
       
      responded: Every day
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?
    • 95%
      95%
       
      responded: Every day
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?
    • 88%
      88%
       
      responded: Every day
  • Telephone — How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?
  • Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?
    • 11%
      11%
       
      responded: Important
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — Number of hours typically worked in one week.
  • Frequency of Decision Making — How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?
    • 13%
      13%
       
      responded: Once a month or more but not every week
  • Work With Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?
    • 14%
      14%
       
      responded: Extremely important
    • 79%
      79%
       
      responded: Very important
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — How much does this job require making repetitive motions?
  • Spend Time Sitting — How much does this job require sitting?
  • Time Pressure — How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?
  • Consequence of Error — How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?
    • 13%
      13%
       
      responded: Serious
  • Responsible for Others' Health and Safety — How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?
  • Letters and Memos — How often does the job require written letters and memos?
    • 79%
      79%
       
      responded: Once a month or more but not every week
    • 12%
      12%
       
      responded: Never
  • Level of Competition — To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?
  • Physical Proximity — To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks in close physical proximity to other people?
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations — How often are there conflict situations the employee has to face in this job?
  • Spend Time Standing — How much does this job require standing?
    • 14%
      14%
       
      responded: Less than half the time
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — How much does this job require walking and running?
    • 18%
      18%
       
      responded: Less than half the time
  • Degree of Automation — How automated is the job?
    • 85%
      85%
       
      responded: Slightly automated
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?
    • 19%
      19%
       
      responded: Less than half the time
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or equipment (e.g., car)?
  • Public Speaking — How often do you have to perform public speaking in this job?
  • Deal With External Customers — How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?
  • Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?
  • Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in non-controlled environmental conditions (e.g., warehouse without heat)?
  • Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?
  • Exposed to Contaminants — How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?
    • 80%
      80%
       
      responded: Never
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?
    • 81%
      81%
       
      responded: Never
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (e.g., structure with roof but no walls)?
  • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaffolds, or poles?
  • Deal With Physically Aggressive People — How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?
  • Exposed to High Places — How often does this job require exposure to high places?
  • Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)
    • 88%
      88%
       
      responded: Not important at all
  • Exposed to Disease or Infections — How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?
    • 87%
      87%
       
      responded: Never
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — How much does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats or life jackets?
    • 87%
      87%
       
      responded: Never
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?
    • 89%
      89%
       
      responded: Never
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?
    • 91%
      91%
       
      responded: Never
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?
    • 94%
      94%
       
      responded: Never
  • Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — How much does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?
    • 93%
      93%
       
      responded: Never
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?
    • 94%
      94%
       
      responded: Never
  • Exposed to Radiation — How often does this job require exposure to radiation?
    • 99%
      99%
       
      responded: Never
  • Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (e.g., operate a jackhammer)?
    • 99%
      99%
       
      responded: Never
  • In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or equipment (e.g., tractor)?
    • 99%
      99%
       
      responded: Never
  • Work Schedules — How regular are the work schedules for this job?
    • 100%
      100%
       
      responded: Regular (established routine, set schedule)

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Experience Requirements

Job Zone Save Table: XLSX CSV

Title
Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed
Education
Most occupations in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or an associate's degree.
Related Experience
Previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is required for these occupations. For example, an electrician must have completed three or four years of apprenticeship or several years of vocational training, and often must have passed a licensing exam, in order to perform the job.
Job Training
Employees in these occupations usually need one or two years of training involving both on-the-job experience and informal training with experienced workers. A recognized apprenticeship program may be associated with these occupations.
Job Zone Examples
These occupations usually involve using communication and organizational skills to coordinate, supervise, manage, or train others to accomplish goals. Examples include hydroelectric production managers, desktop publishers, electricians, agricultural technicians, barbers, court reporters and simultaneous captioners, and medical assistants.
SVP Range
(6.0 to < 7.0)

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Training & Credentials

State training
Local training
Certifications

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Apprenticeship Opportunities

Example apprenticeship titles for this occupation:

  • Cloud Operations Specialist 1
  • Cloud Operations Specialist 2
  • Computer Support Specialist-Desktop Support Tech
  • Customer Service Tech Support
  • Health Information Technology Specialist
  • Help Desk Technician
  • It Generalist

Specific title(s) listed above are vetted by industry and approved by the U.S. Department of Labor for use in a Registered Apprenticeship Program.

Start your career and build your skillset. Visit Apprenticeship.gov external site to learn about opportunities related to this occupation.

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Worker Requirements

Skills Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceSkill
75
 
Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
75
 
Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
75
 
Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
69
 
Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
66
 
Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
63
 
Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
56
 
Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
53
 
Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
53
 
Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
53
 
Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
53
 
Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
53
 
Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
50
 
Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
50
 
Operations Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
50
 
Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
50
 
Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
50
 
Troubleshooting — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
47
 
Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
47
 
Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
47
 
Quality Control Analysis — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
47
 
Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
41
 
Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
35
 
Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
35
 
Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
35
 
Operations Analysis — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
31
 
Installation — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
31
 
Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.
31
 
Programming — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
28
 
Equipment Maintenance — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
28
 
Repairing — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
25
 
Technology Design — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
22
 
Equipment Selection — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
22
 
Management of Material Resources — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
19
 
Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
16
 
Management of Financial Resources — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.

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Knowledge Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceKnowledge
98
 
Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
78
 
Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
71
 
Telecommunications — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
70
 
English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
68
 
Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
67
 
Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
66
 
Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
65
 
Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
61
 
Administrative — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
54
 
Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
52
 
Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
46
 
Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
41
 
Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
37
 
Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
36
 
Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
35
 
Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
28
 
Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
27
 
Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
26
 
Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
20
 
Philosophy and Theology — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
17
 
Physics — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
16
 
Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
14
 
Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
9
 
History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
8
 
Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
7
 
Foreign Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
7
 
Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
7
 
Transportation — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
5
 
Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
2
 
Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
2
 
Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
1
 
Fine Arts — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
0
 
Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

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Education

How much education does a new hire need to perform a job in this occupation? Respondents said:

  • Bachelor’s degree required for some jobs
  • Post-secondary certificate required for some jobs
  • Associate’s degree required for some jobs

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Worker Characteristics

Abilities Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceAbility
75
 
Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
75
 
Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
75
 
Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
72
 
Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
72
 
Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
66
 
Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
66
 
Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
66
 
Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
66
 
Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
66
 
Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
60
 
Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
53
 
Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
50
 
Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
50
 
Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
50
 
Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
50
 
Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
47
 
Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
47
 
Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
47
 
Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
44
 
Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
44
 
Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.
44
 
Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
41
 
Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
41
 
Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
41
 
Memorization — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
35
 
Speed of Closure — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
31
 
Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
31
 
Visual Color Discrimination — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
28
 
Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
28
 
Wrist-Finger Speed — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
25
 
Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
22
 
Auditory Attention — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
22
 
Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
22
 
Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
22
 
Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
16
 
Depth Perception — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
16
 
Dynamic Strength — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
16
 
Hearing Sensitivity — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
16
 
Rate Control — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
16
 
Reaction Time — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
16
 
Response Orientation — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
10
 
Gross Body Coordination — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
10
 
Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
6
 
Explosive Strength — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
3
 
Gross Body Equilibrium — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
3
 
Spatial Orientation — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
0
 
Dynamic Flexibility — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
0
 
Glare Sensitivity — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
0
 
Night Vision — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
0
 
Peripheral Vision — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
0
 
Sound Localization — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
0
 
Speed of Limb Movement — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.

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Interests Save Table: XLSX CSV

Occupational InterestInterest
82
 
Conventional — Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
51
 
Realistic — Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
48
 
Investigative — Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
39
 
Social — Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
22
 
Enterprising — Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
0
 
Artistic — Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.

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Work Values Save Table: XLSX CSV

ExtentWork Value
72
 
Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
70
 
Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
67
 
Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
67
 
Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
67
 
Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
56
 
Recognition — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.

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Work Styles Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceWork Style
90
 
Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
90
 
Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
89
 
Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
87
 
Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
85
 
Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
84
 
Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
84
 
Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high-stress situations.
81
 
Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
81
 
Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
80
 
Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
80
 
Self-Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
78
 
Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
77
 
Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
77
 
Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
71
 
Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
63
 
Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.

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Workforce Characteristics

Wages & Employment Trends

Median wages (2022)
$27.83 hourly, $57,890 annual
State wages
Local wages
Employment (2022)
736,200 employees
Projected growth (2022-2032)
Faster than average (5% to 8%)
Projected job openings (2022-2032)
53,200
State trends
Top industries (2022)

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2022 wage data external site and 2022-2032 employment projections external site. “Projected growth” represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2022-2032). “Projected job openings” represent openings due to growth and replacement.

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Job Openings on the Web

State job openings
Local job openings

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More Information

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Sources of Additional Information

Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.

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