Updated 2004
In-Demand

Details Report for:
15-1032.00 - Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software

Research, design, develop, and test operating systems-level software, compilers, and network distribution software for medical, industrial, military, communications, aerospace, business, scientific, and general computing applications. Set operational specifications and formulate and analyze software requirements. Apply principles and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis.

Sample of reported job titles: Software Engineer, Software Developer, Systems Engineer, Network Engineer, Publishing Systems Analyst, Application Developer, Averaged HEND (High-Energy Neutron Data) Data Product Lead (AHD Product Lead), Customer Information Control System Programmer (CICS Programmer), Program Analyst, Systems Programmer

View report: Summary  Details  Custom

Tasks  |  Tools & Technology  |  Knowledge  |  Skills  |  Abilities  |  Work Activities  |  Work Context  |  Job Zone  |  Interests  |  Work Styles  |  Work Values  |  Work Needs  |  Related Occupations  |  Education  |  Wages & Employment  |  Additional Information

Tasks   Save Table (XLS/CSV)


Importance		 Category Task
80  Core Modify existing software to correct errors, to adapt it to new hardware or to upgrade interfaces and improve performance.
80  Core Design and develop software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design.
77  Core Consult with engineering staff to evaluate interface between hardware and software, develop specifications and performance requirements and resolve customer problems.
76  Core Analyze information to determine, recommend and plan installation of a new system or modification of an existing system.
75  Core Develop and direct software system testing and validation procedures.
75  Core Direct software programming and development of documentation.
69  Core Consult with customers or other departments on project status, proposals and technical issues such as software system design and maintenance.
69  Core Advise customer about, or perform, maintenance of software system.
67  Core Coordinate installation of software system.
65  Core Monitor functioning of equipment to ensure system operates in conformance with specifications.
61  Core Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements.
60  Core Confer with data processing and project managers to obtain information on limitations and capabilities for data processing projects.
58  Core Prepare reports and correspondence concerning project specifications, activities and status.
56  Core Evaluate factors such as reporting formats required, cost constraints, and need for security restrictions to determine hardware configuration.
75  Supplemental Supervise and assign work to programmers, designers, technologists and technicians and other engineering and scientific personnel.
61  Supplemental Train users to use new or modified equipment.
54  Supplemental Utilize microcontrollers to develop control signals, implement control algorithms and measure process variables such as temperatures, pressures and positions.
46  Supplemental Recommend purchase of equipment to control dust, temperature, and humidity in area of system installation.
42  Supplemental Specify power supply requirements and configuration.

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Tools & Technology   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Tools used in this occupation:

Desktop computers
High end computer servers — Application servers; Directory servers
Integrated circuit testers — In circuit emulators ICE; Logic analyzers
Mainframe computers
Notebook computers
Personal digital assistant PDAs or organizers — Personal digital assistants PDA

Technology used in this occupation:

Analytical or scientific software — Data analysis software; Dynamic modeling software; SAS software; Simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis SPICE (see all 5 examples)
Application server software — BEA WebLogic Server; IBM WebSphere; Oracle Application Server
Configuration management software — Automated installation software; IBM Rational ClearCase; Patch management software; Visible Razor (see all 5 examples)
Data base management system software — Database management software; Distributed database management software; Microsoft SQL Server; Microsoft transact-structural query language T-SQL (see all 13 examples)
Development environment software — C; Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation XLST; IBM Rational Rose XDE Developer D93; Microsoft Visual Basic (see all 47 examples)
Enterprise application integration software — Enterprise application integration EAI software; SAP Netweaver
Network operation system software — IBM z/OS operating systems; Novell network software
Object or component oriented development software — C++; Document Object Model DOM Scripting; Simple API for XML SAX; Sun Microsystems Java (see all 29 examples)
Operating system software — Job control language JCL; Unix; VxWorks software; Win CE (see all 18 examples)
Program testing software — Defect tracking software; Fault testing software; IBM Rational ClearQuest; Mercury Interactive LoadRunner (see all 22 examples)
Project management software — Microsoft Project
Requirements analysis and system architecture software — IBM Rational Requisite Pro; Requirements management software; Unified modeling language UML
Transaction server software — Apache software; Customer information control system CICS software; IBM Middleware; Object Management Group Object Request Broker (see all 6 examples)
Web platform development software — Extensible HyperText Markup Language XHTML; Hypertext markup language HTML; JavaScript; Sun Microsystems Java server pages JSP (see all 10 examples)

See all 36 T2 categories

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Knowledge   Save Table (XLS/CSV)


Importance
Knowledge
99  Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
79  Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
77  English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
76  Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
70  Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
70  Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
65  Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
54  Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
53  Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
52  Telecommunications — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
48  Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
40  Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
39  Physics — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures and processes.
37  Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
30  Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
30  Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
28  Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
27  Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
24  Fine Arts — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
24  Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
18  Foreign Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
15  Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
13  Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.
12  Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
9  Transportation — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
7  Philosophy and Theology — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
5  Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
5  Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
5  History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
2  Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
0  Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
0  Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
0  Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.

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Skills   Save Table (XLS/CSV)


Importance
Skill
96  Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
93  Technology Design — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
92  Troubleshooting — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
90  Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
85  Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
82  Programming — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
81  Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
80  Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
77  Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.
72  Operations Analysis — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
70  Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
68  Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
67  Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
67  Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
65  Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
63  Quality Control Analysis — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
60  Installation — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
59  Equipment Selection — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
59  Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
59  Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
58  Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
58  Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
57  Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
53  Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
51  Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
50  Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
49  Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
47  Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
45  Operation Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
44  Repairing — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
43  Management of Material Resources — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
35  Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
32  Management of Financial Resources — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
31  Equipment Maintenance — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
31  Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.

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Abilities   Save Table (XLS/CSV)


Importance
Ability
75  Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
72  Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
69  Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
69  Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
69  Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
69  Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
66  Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
66  Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
63  Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
63  Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
60  Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
56  Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
56  Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
53  Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
50  Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
50  Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
50  Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
50  Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
44  Memorization — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
41  Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
41  Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
38  Hearing Sensitivity — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
38  Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
35  Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.
35  Speed of Closure — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
31  Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
31  Visual Color Discrimination — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
28  Auditory Attention — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
25  Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
25  Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
22  Depth Perception — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
16  Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
6  Wrist-Finger Speed — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
3  Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.
0  Dynamic Flexibility — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
0  Dynamic Strength — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
0  Explosive Strength — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
0  Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
0  Glare Sensitivity — The ability to see objects in the presence of glare or bright lighting.
0  Gross Body Coordination — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
0  Gross Body Equilibrium — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
0  Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
0  Night Vision — The ability to see under low light conditions.
0  Peripheral Vision — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
0  Rate Control — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
0  Reaction Time — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
0  Response Orientation — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
0  Sound Localization — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
0  Spatial Orientation — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
0  Speed of Limb Movement — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
0  Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
0  Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

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Work Activities   Save Table (XLS/CSV)


Importance
Work Activity
100  Interacting With Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
  • adjust computer operation system
  • check hardware or software to determine reliability
  • develop or maintain databases
  • program computers for electronic engineering applications
  • program mainframe computer
  • revise or correct errors in computer programs, software, or systems
  • test computer programs or systems
  • use computer programming language
  • use computers to enter, access or retrieve data
  • use spreadsheet software
  • write computer software, programs, or code
96  Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
  • resolve engineering or science problems
87  Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
  • analyze technical data, designs, or preliminary specifications
  • evaluate computer system user requests or requirements
  • evaluate prototype computer software systems
86  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  • follow data security procedures
  • follow data storage procedures
  • follow statistical process control procedures
  • use computer networking technology
  • use knowledge of mainframe computers
  • use project management techniques
  • use scientific research methodology
83  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
81  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
81  Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
  • read blueprints
  • read manufacturing outlines for electronic products
  • read schematics
  • read technical drawings
79  Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
79  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
77  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
  • understand detailed electronic design specifications
  • understand engineering data or reports
76  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
76  Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
  • develop tables depicting data
74  Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
  • design computer hardware or software interface
  • design control systems
  • design data processing systems
  • design data security systems
  • design electronic equipment
  • design hardware or software systems
  • develop mathematical or computer languages
73  Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
71  Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
71  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
71  Provide Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
  • advise clients regarding engineering problems
  • consult with customers concerning needs
  • recommend purchase, repair, or modification of equipment
  • recommend software or hardware purchases
70  Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
69  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
63  Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
60  Communicating with Persons Outside Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
  • communicate technical information
  • confer with management or users
  • make presentations
  • write business correspondence
57  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
56  Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
  • design systems in cooperation with colleagues
54  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
  • conduct performance testing
53  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
51  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
  • develop computer performance standards
  • write documentation for computer programming
  • write technical specifications for computer systems, software or applications
50  Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
  • provide technical computer training
  • train workers in use of equipment
44  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
42  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
41  Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
37  Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
37  Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
  • prepare technical reports or related documentation
32  Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
31  Selling or Influencing Others — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
25  Staffing Organizational Units — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
24  Controlling Machines and Processes — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
16  Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.
15  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
14  Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
12  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
10  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.

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Work Context   Save Table (XLS/CSV)


Context
Work Context
98  Face-to-Face Discussions — How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?
95  Electronic Mail — How often do you use electronic mail in this job?
93  Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
93  Work With Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?
89  Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?
89  Spend Time Sitting — How much does this job require sitting?
89  Structured versus Unstructured Work — To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?
85  Freedom to Make Decisions — How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?
85  Telephone — How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?
80  Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?
78  Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?
74  Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — How much does this job require making repetitive motions?
74  Time Pressure — How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?
71  Duration of Typical Work Week — Number of hours typically worked in one week.
62  Frequency of Decision Making — How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?
60  Coordinate or Lead Others — How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?
60  Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?
57  Consequence of Error — How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?
57  Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — How do the decisions an employee makes impact the results of co-workers, clients or the company?
56  Level of Competition — To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?
46  Letters and Memos — How often does the job require written letters and memos?
45  Physical Proximity — To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks in close physical proximity to other people?
40  Public Speaking — How often do you have to perform public speaking in this job?
38  Deal With External Customers — How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?
37  Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?
35  Degree of Automation — How automated is the job?
34  Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?
30  Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?
30  Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?
23  Spend Time Standing — How much does this job require standing?
22  Responsible for Others' Health and Safety — How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?
20  Frequency of Conflict Situations — How often are there conflict situations the employee has to face in this job?
16  In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or equipment (e.g., car)?
14  Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?
13  Spend Time Walking and Running — How much does this job require walking and running?
12  Exposed to Contaminants — How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?
12  Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)
8  Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?
7  Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?
5  Exposed to High Places — How often does this job require exposure to high places?
5  Outdoors, Under Cover — How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (e.g., structure with roof but no walls)?
5  Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaffolds, or poles?
4  Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in non-controlled environmental conditions (e.g., warehouse without heat)?
3  Deal With Physically Aggressive People — How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?
2  Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?
2  Work Schedules — How regular are the work schedules for this job?
1  Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?
1  Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?
1  Exposed to Radiation — How often does this job require exposure to radiation?
1  Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?
1  Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?
0  Exposed to Disease or Infections — How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?
0  Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?
0  Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (e.g., operate a jackhammer)?
0  In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or equipment (e.g., tractor)?
0  Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — How much does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats or life jackets?
0  Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — How much does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?

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Job Zone   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Component Description
Title Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed
 
Overall Experience A minimum of two to four years of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.
 
Job Training Employees in these occupations usually need several years of work-related experience, on-the-job training, and/or vocational training.
 
Job Zone Examples Many of these occupations involve coordinating, supervising, managing, or training others. Examples include accountants, human resource managers, computer programmers, teachers, chemists, and police detectives.
 
SVP Range (7.0 to < 8.0)
 
Education Most of these occupations require a four - year bachelor's degree, but some do not.

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Interests   Save Table (XLS/CSV)


Occupational Interest
Interest
89  Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
89  Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
67  Conventional — Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
39  Enterprising — Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.
22  Artistic — Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
17  Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.

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Work Styles   Save Table (XLS/CSV)


Importance
Work Style
96  Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
91  Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
87  Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
86  Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
85  Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
84  Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
84  Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
84  Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
82  Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
81  Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
80  Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
80  Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations.
78  Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
69  Self Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
66  Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.
62  Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.

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Work Values   Save Table (XLS/CSV)


Extent
Work Value
86  Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
82  Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employs to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
69  Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
68  Recognition — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.
54  Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
54  Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.

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Work Needs   Save Table (XLS/CSV)


Extent
Work Need
94  Ability Utilization — Workers on this job make use of their individual abilities.
88  Working Conditions — Workers on this job have good working conditions.
84  Creativity — Workers on this job try out their own ideas.
84  Responsibility — Workers on this job make decisions on their own.
78  Achievement — Workers on this job get a feeling of accomplishment.
78  Activity — Workers on this job are busy all the time.
78  Autonomy — Workers on this job plan their work with little supervision.
78  Social Status — Workers on this job are looked up to by others in their company and their community.
72  Security — Workers on this job have steady employment.
69  Authority — Workers on this job give directions and instructions to others.
69  Company Policies and Practices — Workers on this job are treated fairly by the company.
69  Moral Values — Workers on this job are never pressured to do things that go against their sense of right and wrong.
66  Compensation — Workers on this job are paid well in comparison with other workers.
66